Researching how humans and agents pay.
OrangeTower Analytics is an independent economic analysis and market research company studying payments, fintech, financial infrastructure, consumer behavior, and emerging financial technologies.
Orange
Tower
Featured Research
A History of Payments — Part I: From Barter to Institutional Trust
How payment technology evolved from barter and commodity metals to coins, banknotes, and institutional trust — and what that history suggests about the adoption of new forms of money.
Latest Research
All research ↗How Payments Work Across the Tire Industry Supply Chain
How money, trade credit and transaction data move between raw-material suppliers, tire manufacturers, distributors, dealers, fleets and consumers.
Mobile Payments and Consumer Spending in the Post-Pandemic U.S.
An empirical analysis of how observed mobile-payment use relates to discretionary spending in the United States from 2021–2023, using Federal Reserve consumer-payment data.
American Payments System: Examining Consumer Payment Behavior
A senior thesis on how U.S. consumers' own ratings of cash, credit, and debit relate to the method they use in person — and to when they deviate from the method they say they prefer. Pooled 2021–2024 SCPC/DCPC data; associations, not causal effects.
What we study
Payments
How consumers and businesses exchange value at the moment of purchase.
→Financial Infrastructure
The rails, networks, and institutions that move and settle money.
→Fintech
How technology firms build, distribute, and monetize financial services.
→Consumer Behavior
Why people adopt, abandon, and stay loyal to financial products.
→Market Structure
The actors, incentives, and bargaining positions inside the payment economy.
→Emerging Technology
Technologies that change who initiates, authenticates, and settles a transaction.
→Why do consumers choose one payment instrument over another?
Why has instant bank payment adoption differed so dramatically across countries?
What happens when software begins initiating transactions?
Which parts of financial infrastructure eventually become invisible?
How does the interface through which someone pays influence the underlying rail?
These questions guide OrangeTower's ongoing work. Findings are published as reports, working papers, and shorter notes.
Payments
Infrastructure
Global
Technology
Understanding the systems underneath everyday transactions.
OrangeTower Analytics studies the economic, technological, and institutional structures behind payments and financial markets.
Its work combines economic reasoning, market research, data analysis, historical research, and international comparison.
About OrangeTower →